牡麗三郎的部落格

"Have" 是「有」的意思。但這個「有」，是擁有的「有」。
"There is" 也是「有」的意思。但這個「有」，是存在的「有」。
在 "There is" 的結構中，"There" 是引導詞 Introductory Word，
沒有實質的意義，只作為加強語氣之用。
例如：
         
  I have a dictionary.
  You have two sisters.
  He has three dogs.
  *"have / has"是完意及物動詞，解作擁有的「有」。
  A book is on the desk.﹝一本書在書桌上。﹞
  There is a book on the desk.﹝有一本書在書桌上。﹞
  *"There is"是存在的「有」。"There"是引導詞，加強語氣。

 轉為疑問句：Is there a book on the desk?

  A girl is in the room.
  There is a girl in the room.
  There is a cow there.﹝有一頭牛在那裏。﹞
  * 第一個"There"是引導詞，第二個"there"是副詞。

 轉為疑問句：Is there a cow there?
 試翻譯：有一匹馬在那裏。

  There is a horse. ﹝錯了！"There"只是引導詞，不是主語。﹞
  A horse is there. ﹝略對﹞
  There is a horse there.﹝正確﹞
  How many persons are there in the room?﹝有多少人在房內？﹞
  * "How"是疑問副詞。

  There are ten persons in the room.
  There are friends and friends.
  ﹝朋友有很多種，有益友，有損友。﹞
 試翻譯：這學校有三千個學生。
         
  The school has three thousand students.
  ﹝錯！學校不是擁有學生！﹞

  There are three thousand students in the school.﹝正確